Ranking criteria and alternatives

Emporis ranks the buildings by highest architectural structural element,^[1] which means:

• height of spire, statue, or any other architecturally integral element count towards the height of the building;
• height of antenna, flagpole, or other detail not classified as architecturally integral element does not count towards the height of the building;
• roof height is only relevant if no higher architecturally-integral element is present.

A comparison of the Willis Tower, Taipei 101, the Petronas Twin Towers, and the Empire State Building

This naturally hurts the rankings of buildings without spires, or with antennas instead of spires. The most famous such discrepancy is that Petronas Towers, with its spire, is ranked higher than the Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers' lower roof and lower highest point (of spire/antenna).

Alternative lists of high buildings are maintained by the non-governmental Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. These lists, first defined and compiled in 1996 as a response to the dispute as to whether the Petronas Towers or the Willis Tower was taller, rank buildings in four categories: height of structural or architectural top; height of highest occupied floor; height to the top of roof; height to top of any part of the building. Currently Taipei 101 tops the category of highest structural element, at 509 m. Willis Tower tops the highest point, at 527 m. Shanghai World Financial Center tops the roof height, at 492 m.

[edit] Tallest skyscrapers by architectural detail (top 200)

Burj Dubai is currently topped-out in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, which means it is classified as the world's tallest building.

Taipei 101, the world's tallest completed building, is located in Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan).

The Shanghai World Financial Center, in Shanghai, China, is the third-tallest building in the world.

The fourth-tallest building in the world is the International Commerce Centre, topped-out in Hong Kong.

The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the world's tallest buildings from 1998 to 2004.

Chicago's Willis Tower has been the tallest building in the United States since 1973.

Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai, China is the tenth-tallest building in the world.

New York City's Empire State Building was the tallest building in the world from 1931 to 1972.

Q1 on the Gold Coast in Australia, is the world's tallest residential building

.

The Burj Al Arab in Dubai, United Arab Emirates is the second-tallest hotel in the world.

Rank	Building[A][2]	City	Country	Height		Floors	Built
1	Burj Dubai	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	818 m	2,684 ft	162	2009[B]
2	Taipei 101	Taipei	Taiwan (Republic of China)	509 m	1,671 ft	101	2004
3	Shanghai World Financial Center	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	492 m	1,614 ft	101	2008
4	International Commerce Centre	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	483 m	1,584 ft	118	2009[B]
5=	Petronas Tower 1	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	452 m	1,483 ft	88	1998
5=	Petronas Tower 2	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	452 m	1,483 ft	88	1998
7	Nanjing Greenland Financial Center	Nanjing	People's Republic of China	450 m	1,476 ft	89	2009[C]
8	Willis Tower	Chicago	United States	442 m	1,451 ft	108	1973
9	Guangzhou West Tower	Guangzhou	People's Republic of China	440 m	1,444 ft	103	2009[B]
10	Jin Mao Tower	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	421 m	1,380 ft	88	1998
11=	Two International Finance Centre	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	415 m	1,362 ft	88	2003
11=	Trump International Hotel and Tower	Chicago	United States	415 m	1,362 ft	96	2009[B]
13	CITIC Plaza	Guangzhou	People's Republic of China	391 m	1,283 ft	80	1997
14	Shun Hing Square	Shenzhen	People's Republic of China	384 m	1,260 ft	69	1996
15	Empire State Building	New York City	United States	381 m	1,250 ft	102	1931
16	Central Plaza	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	374 m	1,227 ft	78	1992
17	Bank of China Tower	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	367 m	1,205 ft	72	1990
18	Bank of America Tower	New York City	United States	366 m	1,200 ft	54	2008
19	Almas Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	363 m	1,191 ft	68	2009[B]
20	Emirates Office Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	355 m	1,163 ft	54	2000
21	Tuntex Sky Tower	Kaohsiung	Taiwan (Republic of China)	348 m	1,140 ft	85	1997
22	Aon Center	Chicago	United States	346 m	1,136 ft	83	1973
23	The Center	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	346 m	1,135 ft	73	1998
24	John Hancock Center	Chicago	United States	344 m	1,127 ft	100	1969
25=	Rose Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	333 m	1,093 ft	72	2007
25=	Shanghai Shimao International Plaza	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	333 m	1,093 ft	60	2006
27	Minsheng Bank Building	Wuhan	People's Republic of China	331 m	1,087 ft	68	2007
28=	Ryugyong Hotel	Pyongyang	North Korea	330 m	1,083 ft	105	2012[D]
28=	China World Trade Center Tower 3	Beijing	People's Republic of China	330 m	1,083 ft	74	2008
30	The Index	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	328 m	1,076 ft	80	2009[C]
31	Q1	Gold Coast	Australia	323 m	1,058 ft	78	2005
32	Burj Al Arab	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	321 m	1,053 ft	60	1999
33=	Chrysler Building	New York City	United States	319 m	1,046 ft	77	1930
33=	Nina Tower	Tsuen Wan	Hong Kong	319 m	1,046 ft	80	2006
33=	New York Times Building	New York City	United States	319 m	1,046 ft	52	2007
36	HHHR Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	317 m	1,040 ft	72	2009[B]
37	Bank of America Plaza	Atlanta	United States	312 m	1,023 ft	55	1992
38=	Sky Tower	Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates	310 m	1,018 ft	74	2009[B]
38=	U.S. Bank Tower	Los Angeles	United States	310 m	1,018 ft	73	1989
40	Menara Telekom	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	310 m	1,017 ft	55	2001
41	Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	309 m	1,014 ft	56	2000
42	One Island East	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	308 m	1,011 ft	70	2008
43	AT&T Corporate Center	Chicago	United States	307 m	1,007 ft	60	1989
44	The Address Downtown Burj Dubai	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	306 m	1,004 ft	63	2008
45	JPMorgan Chase Tower	Houston	United States	305 m	1,002 ft	75	1982
46	Northeast Asia Trade Tower	Incheon	South Korea	305 m	1,001 ft	70	2009[B]
47	Baiyoke Tower II	Bangkok	Thailand	304 m	997 ft	85	1997
48	Two Prudential Plaza	Chicago	United States	303 m	995 ft	64	1990
49=	Wells Fargo Plaza	Houston	United States	302 m	992 ft	71	1983
49=	Kingdom Centre	Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	302 m	992 ft	41	2002
51=	Arraya 2	Kuwait City	Kuwait	300 m	984 ft	56	2009
51=	Eureka Tower	Melbourne	Australia	300 m	984 ft	91	2006
53=	First Canadian Place	Toronto	Canada	298 m	978 ft	72	1975
53=	Shanghai Wheelock Square	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	298 m	978 ft	58	2009
55	Comcast Center	Philadelphia	United States	297 m	975 ft	57	2008
56	Yokohama Landmark Tower	Yokohama	Japan	296 m	972 ft	70	1993
57	Emirates Crown	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	296 m	971 ft	63	2008
58	311 South Wacker Drive	Chicago	United States	293 m	961 ft	65	1990
59	SEG Plaza	Shenzhen	People's Republic of China	292 m	957 ft	70	2000
60	American International Building	New York City	United States	290 m	952 ft	66	1932
61	Key Tower	Cleveland	United States	289 m	947 ft	57	1991
62=	Plaza 66 Tower One	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	288 m	945 ft	66	2001
62=	One Liberty Place	Philadelphia	United States	288 m	945 ft	61	1987
64	Columbia Center	Seattle	United States	285 m	937 ft	76	1985
65	Millennium Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	285 m	935 ft	60	2006
66	Tomorrow Square	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	285 m	934 ft	55	2003
67	Chongqing World Trade Center	Chongqing	People's Republic of China	283 m	929 ft	60	2005
68	Cheung Kong Centre	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	283 m	928 ft	62	1999
69	The Trump Building	New York City	United States	283 m	927 ft	70	1930
70	Bank of America Plaza	Dallas	United States	281 m	921 ft	72	1985
71=	Republic Plaza	Singapore	Singapore	280 m	919 ft	66	1995
71=	UOB Plaza One	Singapore	Singapore	280 m	919 ft	66	1992
71=	OUB Centre	Singapore	Singapore	280 m	919 ft	63	1986
74	Citigroup Center	New York City	United States	279 m	915 ft	59	1977
75	Hong Kong New World Tower	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	278 m	913 ft	61	2002
76	Diwang International Commerce Center	Nanning	People's Republic of China	276 m	906 ft	54	2006
77=	Scotia Plaza	Toronto	Canada	275 m	902 ft	68	1988
77=	The Point	Panama City	Panama	275 m	902 ft	65	2009[B]
79	Williams Tower	Houston	United States	275 m	901 ft	64	1983
80	City of Capitals	Moscow	Russia	274 m	900 ft	73	2009
81	Wuhan World Trade Tower	Wuhan	People's Republic of China	273 m	896 ft	58	1998
82=	Renaissance Tower	Dallas	United States	270 m	886 ft	56	1974
82=	The Cullinan North Tower	Kowloon	Hong Kong	270 m	886 ft	68	2007
82=	The Cullinan South Tower	Kowloon	Hong Kong	270 m	886 ft	68	2007
85	China International Center Tower B	Guangzhou	People's Republic of China	270 m	884 ft	62	2007
86	Dapeng International Plaza	Guangzhou	People's Republic of China	269 m	884 ft	56	2004
87=	21st Century Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	269 m	883 ft	55	2003
87=	One Lujiazui	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	269 m	883 ft	47	2008
89	Naberezhnaya Tower C	Moscow	Russia	268 m	881 ft	61	2007
90	Al Faisaliyah Center	Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	267 m	876 ft	30	2000
91=	900 North Michigan	Chicago	United States	265 m	871 ft	66	1989
91=	Bank of America Corporate Center	Charlotte	United States	265 m	871 ft	60	1992
91=	SunTrust Plaza	Atlanta	United States	265 m	871 ft	60	1992
94=	Bocom Financial Towers	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	265 m	869 ft	52	2002
94=	Al Kazim Tower 1	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	265 m	869 ft	53	2008
94=	Al Kazim Tower 2	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	265 m	869 ft	53	2008
94=	120 Collins Street	Melbourne	Australia	265m	869 ft	52	1991
98	Triumph-Palace	Moscow	Russia	264 m	866 ft	57	2005
99	Samsung Tower Palace G	Seoul	South Korea	264 m	865 ft	73	2004
100	Trump World Tower	New York City	United States	262 m	861 ft	72	2001
101	Shenzhen Special Zone Press Tower	Shenzhen	People's Republic of China	262 m	860 ft	48	1998
102=	Water Tower Place	Chicago	United States	262 m	859 ft	74	1976
102=	Grand Gateway Shanghai I	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	262 m	859 ft	52	2005
102=	Grand Gateway Shanghai II	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	262 m	859 ft	52	2005
105	Aon Center	Los Angeles	United States	262 m	858 ft	62	1973
106=	Hyatt Regency Hong Kong	Kowloon	Hong Kong	261 m	856 ft	64	2007
106=	TD Canada Trust Tower	Toronto	Canada	261 m	856 ft	53	1990
106=	Sapphire of Istanbul	Istanbul	Turkey	261 m	856 ft	54	2009
106=	Grand Lisboa	Macau	People's Republic of China	261 m	856 ft	52	2008
110=	Post & Telecommunication Hub	Guangzhou	People's Republic of China	260 m	853 ft	66	2003
110=	101 Collins Street	Melbourne	Australia	260 m	853 ft	50	1991
110=	Transamerica Pyramid	San Francisco	United States	260 m	853 ft	48	1972
110=	Vision Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	260 m	853 ft	60	2009[C]
110=	Dual Tower 1	Manama	Bahrain	260 m	853 ft	53	2007
110=	Dual Tower 2	Manama	Bahrain	260 m	853 ft	53	2007
110=	Fortune Plaza	Beijing	People's Republic of China	260 m	853 ft	63	2008
117=	GE Building	New York City	United States	259 m	850 ft	69	1933
117=	Chase Tower	Chicago	United States	259 m	850 ft	60	1969
117=	Commerzbank Tower	Frankfurt	Germany	259 m	850 ft	56	1997
117=	PBCOM Tower	Makati	Philippines	259 m	850 ft	55	2000
121	Two Liberty Place	Philadelphia	United States	258 m	848 ft	58	1990
122=	Lanko·Grand Hyatt Hotel	Chongqing	People's Republic of China	258 m	846 ft	60	2006
122=	Run Hua International Building	Wuxi	People's Republic of China	258 m	846 ft	55	2009
124	Park Tower	Chicago	United States	257 m	844 ft	67	2000
125	MesseTurm	Frankfurt	Germany	257 m	842 ft	55	1990
126=	Sorrento 1	Kowloon	Hong Kong	256 m	841 ft	75	2003
126=	U.S. Steel Tower	Pittsburgh	United States	256 m	841 ft	64	1970
128=	The Harbour Hotel & Residence	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	256 m	840 ft	59	2007
128=	Mok-dong Hyperion I Tower	Seoul	South Korea	256 m	840 ft	69	2003
128=	Rinku Gate Tower Building	Izumisano	Japan	256 m	840 ft	56	1996
131=	Langham Place Office Tower	Kowloon	Hong Kong	255 m	837 ft	59	2004
131=	New Century Plaza Tower A	Nanjing	People's Republic of China	255 m	837 ft	48	2006
133	Capital Tower	Singapore	Singapore	254 m	833 ft	52	2000
134	Chase Tower	Indianapolis	United States	253 m	830 ft	48	1990
135	Highcliff	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	252 m	828 ft	72	2003
136=	Osaka World Trade Center Building	Osaka	Japan	252 m	827 ft	55	1995
136=	Bank of Shanghai Headquarters	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	252 m	827 ft	42	2005
138=	The Harbourside	Kowloon	Hong Kong	251 m	824 ft	73	2003
138=	Rialto Towers	Melbourne	Australia	251 m	824 ft	63	1986
140	Jiali Plaza	Wuhan	People's Republic of China	251 m	823 ft	61	1997
141=	Caja Madrid Tower	Madrid	Spain	250 m	820 ft	45	2007
141=	Beijing Yintai Centre Tower 2	Beijing	People's Republic of China	250 m	820 ft	63	2007
141=	One Atlantic Center	Atlanta	United States	250 m	820 ft	50	1987
141=	Chelsea Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	250 m	820 ft	49	2005
141=	Wisma 46	Jakarta	Indonesia	250 m	820 ft	48	1996
141=	Angsana Suites Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	250 m	820 ft	50	2007
141=	Angsana Hotel Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	250 m	820 ft	50	2008
148=	Aqua	Chicago	United States	250 m	819 ft	82	2009[B]
148=	The Legacy at Millennium Park	Chicago	United States	250 m	819 ft	72	2009
150=	The Imperial I	Mumbai	India	249 m	817 ft	60	2009[C]
150=	The Imperial II	Mumbai	India	249 m	817 ft	60	2009[C]
150=	Torre de Cristal	Madrid	Spain	249 m	817 ft	45	2007
153=	KLI 63 Building	Seoul	South Korea	249 m	817 ft	60	1985
153=	Central Park	Perth	Australia	249 m	817 ft	52	1992
155	Al Tayer Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	249 m	815 ft	59	2009
156=	CitySpire Center	New York City	United States	248 m	814 ft	75	1989
156=	Hangzhou No.2 Telecom Hub	Hangzhou	People's Republic of China	248 m	814 ft	41	2003
158=	One Chase Manhattan Plaza	New York City	United States	248 m	813 ft	60	1961
158=	Mid Town Tower	Tokyo	Japan	248 m	813 ft	54	2007
160	State Tower	Bangkok	Thailand	247 m	811 ft	68	2001
161	Toyota-Mainichi Building	Nagoya	Japan	247 m	810 ft	40	2006
162	Conde Nast Building	New York City	United States	247 m	809 ft	48	1999
163	MetLife Building	New York City	United States	246 m	808 ft	60	1963
164	Bloomberg Tower	New York City	United States	246 m	806 ft	54	2005
165=	JR Central Office Tower	Nagoya	Japan	245 m	804 ft	51	2000
165=	Al Fattan Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	245 m	804 ft	51	2006
165=	Oasis Beach Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	245 m	804 ft	51	2006
165=	One Raffles Quay North Tower	Singapore	Singapore	245 m	804 ft	50	2006
165=	The Sail @ Marina Bay	Singapore	Singapore	245 m	804 ft	70	2008
165=	Palm Tower 1	Doha	Qatar	245 m	804 ft	57	2009[B]
165=	Palm Tower 2	Doha	Qatar	245 m	804 ft	57	2009[B]
172	Shin Kong Life Tower	Taipei	Taiwan (Republic of China)	245 m	803 ft	51	1993
173=	Moshe Aviv Tower	Ramat Gan	Israel	244 m	801 ft	68	2001
173=	Chifley Tower	Sydney	Australia	244 m	801 ft	50	1992
175	AAM Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	244 m	800 ft	46	2008
176=	Menara Maybank	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	243 m	799 ft	50	1988
176=	Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building	Tokyo	Japan	243 m	799 ft	48	1991
176=	R&F Centre	Guangzhou	People's Republic of China	243 m	799 ft	54	2007
179=	Citigroup Centre	Sydney	Australia	243 m	797 ft	50	2000
179=	Dalian Futures Trading Plaza Tower 1	Dalian	People's Republic of China	243 m	797 ft	53	2008
179=	Dalian Futures Trading Plaza Tower 2	Dalian	People's Republic of China	243 m	797 ft	53	2009
182	The Tower	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	243 m	796 ft	54	2002
183=	Federation Tower West	Moscow	Russia	242 m	795 ft	62	2008
183=	NEO-China Top City Main Tower	Chongqing	People's Republic of China	242 m	795 ft	54	2008
185=	Dalian World Trade Center	Dalian	People's Republic of China	242 m	794 ft	50	2000
185=	Pearl Tower	Panama City	Panama	242 m	794 ft	70	2009[B]
187=	Woolworth Building	New York City	United States	241 m	792 ft	57	1913
187=	IDS Tower	Minneapolis	United States	241 m	792 ft	55	1972
187=	BNY Mellon Center	Philadelphia	United States	241 m	792 ft	54	1990
187=	Maxdo Centre	Shanghai	People's Republic of China	241 m	792 ft	55	2002
191	Bank of China Mansion	Qingdao	People's Republic of China	241 m	791 ft	54	1999
192=	John Hancock Tower	Boston	United States	241 m	790 ft	60	1976
192=	Shenzhen Broadcasting Center Building	Shenzhen	People's Republic of China	241 m	790 ft	48	2001
194=	Four Seasons Hotel & Tower	Miami	United States	240 m	789 ft	72	2003
194=	Manulife Plaza	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	240 m	789 ft	52	1998
196=	Comerica Bank Tower	Dallas	United States	240 m	787 ft	60	1987
196=	Sunshine 60 Building	Tokyo	Japan	240 m	787 ft	60	1978
196=	Panglin Plaza	Shenzhen	People's Republic of China	240 m	787 ft	57	1999
196=	Moscow State University	Moscow	Russia	240 m	787 ft	36	1953
196=	NTT DoCoMo Yoyogi Building	Tokyo	Japan	240 m	787 ft	28	2000
196=	World Trade Center (Manama) 1	Manama	Bahrain	240 m	787 ft	50	2008
196=	World Trade Center (Manama) 2	Manama	Bahrain	240 m	787 ft	50	2008
196=	Deutsche Bank Place	Sydney	Australia	240 m	787 ft	39	2005